Open Access

Construction of an immune-related gene prognostic model with experimental validation and analysis of immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma

  • Authors:
    • Jialei Yang
    • Chao Tang
    • Chengxia Li
    • Xuesen Li
    • Wenli Yang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: May 1, 2024     https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14430
  • Article Number: 297
  • Copyright: © Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

There is a correlation between tumors and immunity with the degree of immune cell infiltration in tumors being closely related to tumor growth and progression. Therefore, the present study identified immune‑related prognostic genes and evaluated the immune infiltration level in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study performed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Gene Ontology, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) enrichment analyses on differential immune‑associated genes. A risk model was created and validated using six immune‑related prognostic genes. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR was used to assess the prognostic gene expression in non‑small cell lung cancer cells. Immune cell infiltration in LUAD was analyzed using the CIBERSORT method. Single sample GSEA was used to compare Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) scores between high and low‑risk groups and to assess the activation of thirteen immune‑related pathways. Multifactor Cox proportional hazards model analysis identified six prognostic risk genes (S100A16, FURIN, FGF2, LGR4, TNFRSF11A and VIPR1) to construct a risk model. The survival and receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that patients with higher risk scores had lower overall survival rates. The expression levels of prognostic genes S100A16, FURIN, LGR4, TNFRSF11A and VIPR1 were significantly increased in LUAD. B cells naive, plasma cells, T cells CD4 memory activated, T cells follicular helper, T cells regulatory, NK cells activated, macrophages M1, macrophages M2, and Dendritic cells resting cells showed elevated expression in LUAD. The prognostic genes were differentially associated with individual immune cells. Immune‑related function scores, such as those for antigen presenting cell (APC) co‑stimulation, APC co‑inhibition, check‑point, Cytolytic‑activity, chemokine receptor, parainflammation, major histocompatibility complex‑class‑I, type‑I‑IFN‑reponse and T‑cell‑co‑inhibition, were higher in the high‑risk group compared with the low‑risk group. Furthermore, the TIDE score of the high‑risk group was significantly lower than the low‑risk group. This immune‑related gene prognostic model has the potential to predict the prognosis of LUAD patients, supporting the development of a personalized clinical diagnosis and treatment plan.
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July-2024
Volume 28 Issue 1

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Spandidos Publications style
Yang J, Tang C, Li C, Li X and Yang W: Construction of an immune-related gene prognostic model with experimental validation and analysis of immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 28: 297, 2024
APA
Yang, J., Tang, C., Li, C., Li, X., & Yang, W. (2024). Construction of an immune-related gene prognostic model with experimental validation and analysis of immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncology Letters, 28, 297. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14430
MLA
Yang, J., Tang, C., Li, C., Li, X., Yang, W."Construction of an immune-related gene prognostic model with experimental validation and analysis of immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma". Oncology Letters 28.1 (2024): 297.
Chicago
Yang, J., Tang, C., Li, C., Li, X., Yang, W."Construction of an immune-related gene prognostic model with experimental validation and analysis of immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma". Oncology Letters 28, no. 1 (2024): 297. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14430